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Kana iwe ukamira neSustain LA mukutanga kwa2020, iwe unowana yakasarudzika sarudzo ye eco-inoshamwaridzika, inogoneka pamba uye zvigadzirwa zvekuchengeta wega.Waxed food wrappers, organic wool dryer balls, bamboo toothbrush, vegan floss-zvese zvaunoda kuti pakupedzisira upedze hukama hwako hune chepfu nepurasitiki-yekushandisa.Zvirinani kunonoka pane kusamboita, handiti?
Iyo inotonhorera boutique Highland Park inonyanya kukoshesa zvinhu zvinoora mumarara (kusiyana nezvakawanda zvezvinhu zvatinotenga).Usanzwa uine mhosva kana ukasaenda nemarara ako ose mugaba rimwe.Chinangwa pano hachisi chekuti vanhu varase zvinhu, asi kutibatsira kuderedza marara atinoburitsa.Iri basa rakakosha izvozvi sezvazvaive pamberi peCOVID-19.Asi kugara usina tsvina kwave nedambudziko rakakura sezvo kurambidzwa kwedenda kuunza mabhegi ako kuchitoro chegirosari uye mabhegi maviri ekutora.
Kunyange zvazvo mapurasitiki anoshandiswa kamwe chete haasi akachengeteka pane dzimwe nzira dzinogona kushandiswa zvakare, vatengi vakawanda vane hanya nekupararira kwechirwere vari kuashandisa zvakare.(Isu tinosiya midziyo yekudzivirira inoraswa yakadai semasiki nenhoo dzechiso.) Zhizha rapfuura, dzimwe dzimba dzeUS dzakaburitsa 50% tsvina kupfuura iyo COVID-19 isati yatanga.
Ko rudo rweAmerica rwakamutsiridzwa rwepurasitiki ruchava rudo rwenguva pfupi kana muchato wenguva refu?Nguva icharatidza.Zvichakadaro, zvitoro zvinorasa zero zvichiri kuyedza kutibatsira kukanda tsika yepurasitiki.
Sustain LA muvambi Leslie Campbell haakwanise kufanotaura ramangwana, asi anoziva kuti chitoro chake chachinja zvakanyanya mukati megore.
Chitoro ichi chichiri kutengesa midziyo yemushenjere nemashanga esimbi, asi "kutengesa ikoko kwadzikira nekukurumidza," akadaro Campbell."Maoko sanitizer, yekuwachira uye sanitizer yemaoko, pane zvakawanda zvinotengeswa."
Kuti vagadzirise shanduko iyi, Campbell, sevamwe varidzi vezvitoro zvakawanda, aifanira kugadzirisa bhizinesi ravo rekodhi munguva yekurekodha.
Denda risati rasvika, Sustain LA yakapa chiteshi chegasi muchitoro umo vatengi vaigona kuunza midziyo inogona kushandiswa zvakare (kana kutenga munharaunda) uye kudzoreredza pane zvine hushamwari zvekuchenesa, sipo, shampoos uye lotions.Vanogona zvakare kutenga zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa zvakare kana kuti biodegradable zvemunhu zvakaita semashanga nemabhurasho.Sustain LA zvakare inorenda kunze magirazi, madhishi ezvinwiwa, crockery uye cutlery kubatsira vatengi kuderedza marara ezviitiko.
"Nekurenda, takave nemwaka wakabatikana wemuchato wechirimo uye wechirimo uye vese vakaroorana vakadzima kana kushandura zvirongwa," akadaro Campbell.
Kunyangwe kutenga muchitoro kwakamiswa apo Los Angeles County yakaparura yekutanga kugara-pamba-odha pakati paKurume, Sustain LA yakatenderwa kuramba yakavhurika nekuti inotengesa zvakakosha sesipo uye zvekugezesa mbatya.
“Takaita rombo rakanaka.Takapedza mazuva akati wandei tichiodha parunhare, tichitora mifananidzo yese uye kugadzira chitoro chepamhepo, ”akadaro.
Campbell akaisa pikicha isingabatike munzvimbo yekupaka yechitoro, achiendesa zvinhu zvakaita sesipo neshampoo mumagaba egirazi anogona kudzoserwa nevatengi.Chikwata chake chakawedzera masevhisi ekutumira uye kudzikisa mutengo wekutumira.Vakashanda neLos Angeles County Department of Public Health, uye pakazosvika Nyamavhuvhu, vatengi vakapihwa mvumo yekudzosa midziyo yeCampbell yakachena muchitoro kuti inouraya utachiona uye kuzadzazve.
Kumberi kwechitoro kwaenda kubva kune inoyevedza yezvigadzirwa zve organic kuenda kudura rakazara vanhu.Campbell nevashandi vake vasere vanounza zvimwe zvisiri marara zvinoenderana nezvikumbiro zvevatengi.Pamusoro peiyo matoyi ekitsi akagadzirwa kubva pakatsi uye mvere.Kunyange katsi dzinogona kufinhwa mukuvharirwa.
"Takavandudza zvishoma munzira," akadaro Campbell.Rendi yezvidiki-zviitiko yakatanga kukwira munguva yezhizha nekudonha, asi yakaramba yakamira mushure mekunge maodha matsva epekugara apihwa muna Mbudzi.Kubva muna Zvita 21, Sustain LA ichiri kuvhurirwa muchitoro kudzoreredza uye sevhisi yevatengi, asi kune vatengi vaviri panguva.Ivo zvakare vanoenderera mberi nekupa kusabatika uye kunze kwekutumira masevhisi.Uye vatengi vanoramba vachiuya.
Kunze kwedenda, kubvira pakavhurwa Sustain LA muna 2009, chinangwa chikuru chaCampbell chave chekuti vanhu vabvise mapurasitiki, asi zvanga zvisiri nyore.
Muna 2018, iyo US yakagadzira anosvika 292.4 miriyoni matani emarara emarara, kana 4.9 mapaundi pamunhu pazuva.Mumakore mashoma apfuura, nhanho yekudzokorodza munyika yedu yachinja pamwero we35%.Mukuenzanisa, mwero wekudzokorodza muGermany wakatenderedza 68%.
"Senyika, takashata pakugadzirisa zvakare," akadaro Darby Hoover, mukuru wezvezviwanikwa kuNational Resource Defense Council."Hatisi kuita zvakanaka."
Kunyange zvimwe zvirambidzo zvabviswa - zvitoro zveCalifornia grocery zvadzokera pakushandisa mabhegi anogona kushandiswazve, kunyangwe uchifanira kuashandisa kurongedza girosari yako - kugadzirwa kwemarara epurasitiki kuri kuwedzera munyika yose.Iyo pro-plastic lobby iri kushandisa denda uye kunetseka kwayo nezve hutsanana matanho ekurwisa pre-COVID-19 mapurasitiki ekurambidzwa.
Pamberi peCovid-19, kurwa kwepurasitiki muUS kwanga kuchiwedzera, nyika mushure mehurumende ichirambidza zvinhu zvekushandisa chete semabhegi epurasitiki.Mumakore gumi apfuura, zvitoro zvinorasa tsvina zvakatanga mumaguta makuru pasi pose, kusanganisira New York, Vancouver, London, uye Los Angeles.
Kubudirira kwechitoro cheZero Waste kunoenderana nemutengi.Vazhinji vagadziri havana kumbova nehanya nekupambadza, kurongedza kusingakoshi - uye zvakadaro havadaro.
Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, zvitoro zvemabharani-run girosari zvaive zvakajairika misika isati yava "yakanyanya".Paunopinda muzvitoro izvi, unopa pepa rako rekutenga uye mabharani anokuunganidzira zvese, achiyeresa zvinhu zvakaita seshuga nehupfu kubva mumabhasikiti.
"Kare ikako, kana iwe waida 25-pound homwe yeshuga, iwe hauna hanya kuti ndiani aitengesa, iwe waingofunga nezvemutengo wakanakisa," akadaro John Stanton, purofesa wekutengesa chikafu paSt. Joseph's University muPhiladelphia.
Zvese zvakachinja muna 1916 apo Clarence Saunders akavhura yekutanga Piggly Wiggly Market muMemphis, Tennessee.Kuti aderedze mari yekushandisa, akadzinga vashandi vemuchitoro uye akagadzira yekuzviitira girosari modhi.Vatengi vanogona kutora ngoro yekutengera uye vosarudza zvigadzirwa zvakafanorongedzwa kubva mumasherufu akanaka.Vatengi havafanirwe kumirira vatengesi, izvo zvinochengetedza nguva.
"Kurongedza kwakafanana nemutengesi," akadaro Stanton.Iye zvino mabharani nekuti havachaunganidzi zvinhu zvevanhu, zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kubata pfungwa dzevatengi nekuzvishandura kuita zvikwangwani zvidiki.“Makambani anofanirwa kuratidza kuti sei uchifanira kutenga shuga yedu kwete zvimwe zvemhando,” akadaro.
Ad-inoenderana kurongedzerwa kwakambovapo pamberi pezvitoro zvekuzvishandira, asi Saunders paakaunza Piggly Wiggly, makambani akawedzera nhamburiko dzawo kuti kurongedza kwavo kubude pachena.Stanton anotaura makuki semuenzaniso.Cookie iri nyore ikozvino inoda zvidimbu zviviri zvekurongedza: imwe kuti irambe yakamirira iwe uye imwe yekuzvishambadza.
Hondo Yenyika II yakamanikidza vagadziri kuvandudza kurongedza kwavo.Wezvenhau wevoruzhinji uye mugadziri wemifananidzo Corey Bernath anotsanangura kuti munguva yehondo, hurumende yemubatanidzwa yakasunda vagadziri kuti vagadzire chikafu chinogara kwenguva refu chaigona kutumirwa kuvarwi muhuwandu hwakawanda.Mushure mehondo, makambani aya akaenderera mberi nekugadzira zvigadzirwa izvi uye akazvirongedza pamusika wevanhu.
“Zvakanakira bhizinesi, vakagadzirira kugadzira zvinhu izvi.Iwe unongotengesa zvakare woirongedza, uye voila, une chizi chakareruka uye chisvusvuro cheTV, "Burnett akadaro.
Vagadziri vezvokudya vari kutarisa kubatanidzwa uye kushanda.Plastiki yakareruka uye yakasimba inovabatsira kuzadzisa izvi zvinangwa.Bernat anonongedza kuenzanisa pakati pegirazi nemabhodhoro epurasitiki kubva kuma1960 nema1970.Pamberi pekuuya kwepurasitiki, musika wakakurudzira vatengi kudzosera mabhodhoro egirazi uye kubhadhara dhipoziti kuitira kuti vagadziri vakwanise kuashandisa zvakare.Zvinotora nguva uye zviwanikwa, ndosaka mabhodhoro achinja kuita epurasitiki, isingatyoke segirazi uye yakareruka.Vatengi pakati pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri vaida plastiki.Ndivo chokwadi chesainzi ngano, chiratidzo chekubudirira uye zvechizvino-zvino zvezvombo.
“Hondo yapera, vanhu vaifunga kuti zvokudya zvomumagaba zvine utsanana pane zvokudya zvinyoro kana muchando.Panguva iyoyo, vanhu vaibatanidza kutsva uye hutsanana nekurongedza, "Burnett akadaro.Masupermarket ave kutanga kurongedza chikafu mupurasitiki kuti akwikwidze nezvinogadzirwa patsva.
Mabhizinesi anokurudzira kushandiswa kwepurasitiki.“Taimboshandisa zvakare zvinhu, asi makambani akachinja.Zvese zvinoraswa ndezvako uye unogona kungozvirasa usina kufunga nezvazvo,” akadaro Burnett.
"Kune mitemo mishoma inoita kuti vanogadzira vange vaine mhosva yekupera kwehupenyu hwezvigadzirwa zvavo," akadaro Sustain LA's Campbell.
MuUnited States, makanzuru ane basa rakakura rekugadzira uye kupa mari zvirongwa zvavo zvekushandisa patsva.Chikamu chemari iyi chinobva kuvateresi, chikamu chekutengeswa kwezvinhu zvakashandiswa patsva.
Nepo ruzhinji rwevanhu vekuAmerica vachikwanisa kuwana imwe mhando yehurongwa hwekudzokorodza, ingave iri kurukwa, kudonhedza, kana musanganiswa wezvose zviri zviviri, vazhinji vedu tinogadzira akawanda “mabhasikoro” akawanda.Kana tichifunga kuti inogona kushandiswazve, tinoikanda mubhini rebhuruu.
Sezvineiwo, kugadzira patsva hakusi nyore.Mabhegi egirosari epurasitiki, nepo achigadzirwazve, anodzivirira midziyo yekudzokorodza kuita basa rayo.Midziyo yekubvisa uye mabhokisi epizza ane girizi anowanzo shatiswa nechikafu chasara kuti chishandiswezve.
Vagadziri havavimbise kuti iyo yekurongedza yavanoburitsa inogona kushandiswazve, Hoover akadaro.Tora, somuenzaniso, bhokisi rejusi.Hoover inotaura kuti inowanzogadzirwa kubva musanganiswa wepepa, aluminium, plastiki uye glue.Nedzidziso, zvizhinji zvezvinhu izvi zvinogona kushandiswazve."Asi inhamo yekudzokorodza," akadaro Hoover.
Zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaumbwa zvinhu zvakaoma kugadzirisa pamwero mukuru.Kunyangwe uine zvinhu zvakagadzirwa kubva mumhando imwechete yepurasitiki, senge mabhodhoro esoda uye midziyo yeyogati, kazhinji haigone kudzokororwa pamwe chete.
"Mabhodhoro anogona kuumbwa jekiseni uye midziyo yeyogati inogona kuumbwa, izvo zvinoshandura nzvimbo yavo yekunyungudika," akadaro Hoover.
Kuwedzera kuomesa zvinhu, China, iyo yakamboshandisa patsva inenge hafu yemarara pasi rose, haichagamuchiri marara akawanda enyika yedu.Muna 2017, China yakazivisa kuiswa kwemuganhu wehuwandu hwemarara anotorwa.Muna Ndira 2018, China yakarambidza kupinzwa kwemhando dzakawanda dzepurasitiki nemapepa, uye zvinhu zvakadzokororwa zvinofanirwa kusangana nemaitiro ekusvibisa.
"Hatina mwero wakaderera wekusvibiswa muhurongwa hwedu," Hoover akadaro.“Nemhaka yekuti maavhareji emuAmerica anogona kushandiswa patsva anopinda mubhini hombe, bepa rinokosha rinogara pedyo neaya mabhokisi anotakura mafuta rinowanzopiswa.Zvakaoma kusvitsa mipimo iyoyo.”
Pane kudaro, zvigadziriso zvakambotumirwa kuChina zvinozotumirwa kunoraswa, zvakachengetwa munzvimbo dzekuchengetera, kana kutumirwa kune dzimwe nyika (pamwe Southeast Asia).Kunyange dzimwe dzenyika idzi, dzakaita seMalaysia, dzakaneta nemigumisiro yemhoteredzo yemarara asingagumi uye vave kutanga kuramba.Sezvo isu tichinatsiridza zvivakwa zvedu zvekudzokorodza zvemumba mukupindura kurambidzwa kweChina, takatarisana nemubvunzo: tingamira sei kugadzira tsvina yakawanda kudaro?
Campbell nemhuri yake vave nemakore gumi vachirarama mararamiro asina tsvina.Zviri nyore kubvisa michero yepurasitiki yakaderera-yakarembera, semabhegi ekutenga, mabhodhoro emvura uye midziyo yekubvisa, anodaro.Dambudziko ndere kutsiva zvinhu zvemumba zvakaita semugetsi wekugezesa, shampoo uye deodorant mumidziyo yepurasitiki yakasimba.
“Chirongo pachacho chichiri chigaba chinoshanda uye chinogara kwenguva refu.Hazvina musoro kungoirasa kakawanda kudaro,” akadaro.Sustain LA akazvarwa.
Campbell anocherekedza kuti kushandisazve kwakakosha kune zero tsvina.Zvirongo zvekugezesa zvepurasitiki zvinogona kunge zvisingaite se Instagram-yakakodzera semidziyo yegirazi inoyevedza, asi nekushandisa zvakare nekuzadza iyi bhemoti hombe, unogona kuichengeta yakachengeteka kubva murukova rwemarara.Kunyangwe neiyi nhanho-ne-nhanho yekudzokorodza nzira, iwe unogona kudzivirira chete-kushandisa zvinhu kubva pakuguma mukurasira.
Daniel Riley weRiley's General Store, iyo isina chitoro chezvidhinha nedhaka asi inopa kuendesa muSan Gabriel Valley, inonzwisisa kukosha kwekuenda kune zero tsvina.
“Tinorarama hupenyu hwakabatikana uye hatifanirwe kuisa marara edu muchirongo chegirazi kupera kwegore.Makambani anofanirwa kuzvidavirira pakugadzira kurongedza kwakasimba, ”akadaro Riley.
Kusvika panguva iyoyo, inozotarisa pakuzadzazve kune inogoneka kumba uye zvigadzirwa zvekuchengeta zvemunhu.
"Chinangwa changu ndechekupa ma supplements anodhura uye kusvika pairi nenzira yakajairika yekupa zvigadzirwa izvo vanhu vemunharaunda yangu vanonyatsoda," akadaro.
YeRiley's General Store, iyo yakapemberera zuva rayo rekutanga muna Mbudzi, kuvharika munaKurume kwakawedzera kudiwa kwevatengi, kunyanya chekuchenesa mbatya nesipo.
"Zvakabudirira nekuti kusununguka kwangu haatombobatike," akadaro Riley, achiwedzera kuti parizvino haabhadharise kusununguka.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-03-2023